Pregnancy Health: Understanding Preeclampsia Symptoms and What to Do About Them
Understanding preeclampsia symptoms is vital for ensuring the health and safety of both mother and baby during pregnancy. This serious complication can affect blood pressure and organ function, and early recognition of the signs is key to managing the condition and promoting a safer pregnancy and delivery.
At Lona Sasser Obstetrics & Gynecology, we provide expert prenatal care to help you monitor your health and manage any potential risks. If you have concerns about preeclampsia, book an appointment online or call us at 954-340-1050.
What Is Preeclampsia?
Preeclampsia is a high blood pressure disorder that typically develops after 20 weeks of pregnancy. It affects the placenta and can lead to complications for both the mother and baby if left untreated.
Key Characteristics of Preeclampsia:
- High blood pressure (140/90 mmHg or higher)
- Signs of organ damage (kidneys, liver, brain)
- Protein in the urine (a sign of kidney dysfunction)
Without proper management, preeclampsia can progress to eclampsia, a life-threatening condition that includes seizures. Early detection and medical supervision are key to protecting the health of both mother and baby.
Recognizing Preeclampsia Symptoms
Preeclampsia can develop without noticeable symptoms, which is why regular prenatal check-ups are essential. However, when symptoms do appear, they may include:
1. High Blood Pressure (Hypertension)
Blood pressure readings above 140/90 mmHg on two separate occasions indicate possible preeclampsia. Since high blood pressure often has no obvious symptoms, routine prenatal monitoring is critical.
2. Swelling (Edema) in Hands and Face
Mild swelling in the feet and ankles is normal during pregnancy, but sudden or severe swelling in the hands, face, or around the eyes could be a warning sign.
3. Severe Headaches
Persistent, intense headaches that don’t improve with rest or hydration could indicate high blood pressure affecting brain function.
4. Vision Changes
Blurred vision, seeing flashing lights, or experiencing temporary blindness can be signs of preeclampsia-related neurological effects.
5. Abdominal Pain (Upper Right Side)
Pain in the upper right abdomen (near the ribs) may indicate liver inflammation, a serious complication of preeclampsia.
6. Shortness of Breath
Preeclampsia can lead to fluid buildup in the lungs, causing difficulty breathing or a tight feeling in the chest.
7. Nausea or Vomiting in Late Pregnancy
While morning sickness is common in early pregnancy, sudden nausea or vomiting in the second or third trimester could be a red flag.
8. Decreased Urine Output
A noticeable drop in urination may signal kidney dysfunction, a complication of preeclampsia.
Who Is at Risk for Preeclampsia?
While any pregnant woman can develop preeclampsia, certain factors increase the risk:
- First pregnancy
- Previous preeclampsia diagnosis
- History of high blood pressure, diabetes, or kidney disease
- Carrying twins or multiples
- Being overweight before pregnancy
- Autoimmune conditions (like lupus)
- Family history of preeclampsia
If you have any of these risk factors, early prenatal care is essential to monitor for signs of preeclampsia.
How Is Preeclampsia Diagnosed?
During your prenatal visits, your doctor will check for signs of preeclampsia through:
- Blood pressure monitoring – Regular checks help detect hypertension early.
- Urine tests – High levels of protein in urine suggest kidney issues.
- Blood tests – To help assess liver and kidney function.
- Fetal monitoring – Ensures the baby is receiving enough oxygen and nutrients.
If preeclampsia is suspected, additional tests such as ultrasounds or Doppler scans may be used to evaluate blood flow to the baby.
Managing Preeclampsia: What Can You Do?
There is no cure for preeclampsia except for delivering the baby, but management strategies can help reduce complications:
1. Monitor Blood Pressure
If you are diagnosed with gestational hypertension, your doctor may recommend home blood pressure monitoring to track any sudden increases.
2. Adjust Diet and Lifestyle
- Limit sodium (salt) intake to help control blood pressure.
- Stay hydrated and avoid caffeine.
- Increase potassium-rich foods (bananas, leafy greens, sweet potatoes) to support heart health.
3. Rest and Reduce Stress
- Resting on your left side improves blood flow to the placenta.
- Prenatal yoga, meditation, or deep breathing exercises can help manage stress.
4. Take Medications If Recommended
Your doctor may prescribe:
- Blood pressure medications to prevent complications.
- Magnesium sulfate in severe cases to reduce seizure risk.
- Corticosteroids if an early delivery is necessary to help the baby’s lungs mature.
5. Plan for Delivery
If preeclampsia worsens or reaches severe stages, early delivery may be necessary. Your doctor will determine the safest time for you and your baby.
6. Regular Prenatal Checkups
Attending all prenatal appointments allows your doctor to detect preeclampsia early and monitor both your health and the baby’s well-being.
What Happens After Pregnancy?
Most women’s blood pressure returns to normal within weeks after delivery. However, postpartum preeclampsia can still occur, requiring close monitoring for signs such as:
- High blood pressure
- Severe headaches
- Vision changes
Long-Term Health Considerations
Women who have had preeclampsia are at higher risk of developing high blood pressure and heart disease later in life. To maintain long-term health:
- Schedule regular blood pressure checkups.
- Maintain a heart-healthy diet.
- Exercise regularly under medical supervision.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can Preeclampsia Be Prevented?
There is no guaranteed way to prevent preeclampsia, but healthy lifestyle choices can lower your risk. Regular prenatal care, maintaining a healthy weight, and managing underlying conditions like diabetes or hypertension can help.
Can Preeclampsia Harm the Baby?
Yes, if left untreated, preeclampsia can reduce oxygen and nutrient supply to the baby, increasing the risk of preterm birth, low birth weight, and complications.
Does Preeclampsia Go Away After Delivery?
For most women, symptoms improve after giving birth. However, postpartum preeclampsia can develop within 48 hours to six weeks after delivery.
Stay Informed and Stay Healthy
Understanding preeclampsia symptoms can help you act quickly and get the care you need. If you experience any warning signs, don’t wait—contact your doctor immediately.
At Lona Sasser Obstetrics & Gynecology, we are committed to providing expert, compassionate care for expectant mothers from labor and delivery and beyond.
Schedule an appointment today! Call 954-340-1050 or book online.
Photo by Yan Krukau