TL;DR Painful intercourse — known medically as dyspareunia — is more common than many women realize, and it’s almost always treatable. Common causes include vaginal dryness, endometriosis, pelvic floor dysfunction, infections, and hormonal changes. If sex is consistently painful, it’s worth talking to your OB/GYN. You don’t have to just live with it. Experiencing pain during sex? Schedule an appointment at Lona Sasser OB/GYN today.
What Causes Painful Intercourse in Women — and What You Can Do About It
Pain during sex is something a lot of women experience at some point in their lives — but it’s not something they always feel comfortable bringing up, even with their doctor. Whether it’s a sharp sensation at the point of entry, a deep ache during penetration, or discomfort that lingers afterward, pain during intercourse is a signal your body is sending you. And it deserves to be taken seriously.
The medical term for painful intercourse is dyspareunia, and it affects women of all ages. The causes range from straightforward and easy to treat, to more complex conditions that require ongoing care. The good news is that with the right diagnosis, most women find real relief.
At Lona Sasser Obstetrics and Gynecology, your health is our top priority. We offer an array of gynecological services for patients of all ages in Coral Springs, FL. To make an appointment, you can easily book online or give us a call at (954) 340-1050.
What Causes Painful Intercourse?
There’s rarely a single answer, and the cause often depends on where the pain occurs, when it started, and what else is going on with your health. Here are the most common contributors.
Vaginal Dryness
One of the most common causes of painful sex is insufficient lubrication. This can happen at any age, but it’s especially common during perimenopause and menopause as estrogen levels decline. It can also be a side effect of certain medications, including some antidepressants and antihistamines. If vaginal dryness is the culprit, treatment options range from over-the-counter lubricants and moisturizers to prescription estrogen therapy.
Endometriosis
Deep pelvic pain during or after intercourse is one of the hallmark symptoms of endometriosis — a condition in which tissue similar to the uterine lining grows outside the uterus. This tissue responds to hormonal changes and can cause significant discomfort, particularly with deep penetration. Endometriosis is often underdiagnosed, so if you suspect it, it’s worth pushing for a thorough evaluation.
Pelvic Floor Dysfunction
The pelvic floor is a group of muscles that supports the uterus, bladder, and bowel. When these muscles are too tight — a condition called vaginismus or hypertonic pelvic floor — penetration can be extremely painful or even impossible. Pelvic floor dysfunction can develop after childbirth, trauma, or sometimes for no clear reason at all. Pelvic floor physical therapy is highly effective for many women with this condition.
Infections and Skin Conditions
Yeast infections, bacterial vaginosis, and sexually transmitted infections can all cause vaginal irritation and pain during sex. Certain skin conditions, like lichen sclerosus or vulvodynia, can also affect the vulvar tissue and make intercourse uncomfortable. STI testing is a simple first step if an infection is suspected.
Uterine Fibroids or Ovarian Cysts
Depending on their size and location, uterine fibroids or ovarian cysts can cause pressure or pain during deep penetration. A pelvic ultrasound can quickly identify whether either of these might be contributing to your symptoms.
Hormonal Changes After Childbirth or During Menopause
Estrogen levels drop significantly after childbirth (especially if you’re breastfeeding) and during perimenopause and menopause. This can thin and dry out vaginal tissue, making sex uncomfortable. This is sometimes called genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM), and it’s very treatable with the right care.
When Should You See a Doctor?
You should bring up painful intercourse with your OB/GYN if:
- Pain during sex is a regular occurrence, not a one-time event
- The pain is getting worse over time
- You’re also experiencing pelvic pain outside of sex
- You notice unusual discharge, bleeding, or other symptoms
- Pain is affecting your relationship or quality of life
Your doctor won’t judge you for bringing this up — in fact, it’s one of the most important conversations you can have. The sooner you seek care, the sooner you can start feeling better.
How Is Painful Intercourse Diagnosed?
Your OB/GYN will start with a thorough history — asking about when the pain occurs, what it feels like, how long it’s been happening, and any other symptoms. From there, they may recommend:
- A pelvic exam to check for physical causes
- A pelvic ultrasound to rule out fibroids, cysts, or endometriosis
- Cultures or STI testing to check for infection
- Referral to a pelvic floor physical therapist if muscle tension is suspected
Treatment will depend on the underlying cause. The important thing to know is that most causes of painful intercourse are very treatable once properly identified.
We’re Here to Help — No Matter What You’re Dealing With
At Lona Sasser Obstetrics & Gynecology, your health is our top priority. We offer an array of gynecological services for patients of all ages in Coral Springs, FL. Our team — Dr. Lona Sasser, Dr. Mary Squire-De Leon, and Dr. Cherelle Leslie — provides compassionate, judgment-free care for women at every stage of life.
We serve women in Coral Springs, Tamarac, Parkland, Coconut Creek, Deerfield Beach, North Lauderdale, and Boca Raton.
Book your appointment online through Zocdoc or call us at 954-340-1050. We’re ready when you are.
Frequently Asked Questions About Painful Intercourse
Is painful intercourse normal?
It’s common, but it’s not something you should have to accept as normal. Occasional discomfort can happen, but persistent or worsening pain during sex is a sign that something needs attention. Talking to your OB/GYN is always the right move.
Can painful intercourse be a sign of something serious?
Sometimes, yes. Conditions like endometriosis, fibroids, or pelvic inflammatory disease can all cause painful sex. That’s why it’s important not to dismiss ongoing pain. Most causes are very manageable once diagnosed.
What is vaginismus?
Vaginismus is an involuntary tightening of the pelvic floor muscles that makes penetration painful or impossible. It can be primary (lifelong) or secondary (developed after a period of normal sexual function). Pelvic floor physical therapy is often very effective.
Can painful intercourse be treated?
Yes — in most cases, very effectively. Treatment depends on the cause and may include lubricants, hormonal therapy, antibiotics, pelvic floor physical therapy, or minimally invasive procedures. Your OB/GYN will work with you to find the right approach.
How do I bring this up with my doctor?
You can simply say, “I’ve been experiencing pain during sex and I’d like to talk about it.” Your doctor has heard this before and is there to help. There’s no need to feel embarrassed — this is exactly what OB/GYN appointments are for.
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